home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=93CT1687>
- <link 89TT2943>
- <title>
- Fiji--History
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
- Australia & Oceania
- Fiji
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>CIA World Factbook</source>
- <hdr>
- History
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Despite evidence that Fiji has been inhabited for more than
- 2,500 years, little is known of its history before the coming
- of the Europeans. In earlier times, the Fijian islands were
- known as the "Cannibal Islands"; today's Fijians, with their
- open, friendly ways, bear little resemblance to their warlike
- forebears.
- </p>
- <p> The first known European to sight the Fiji islands was the
- Dutchman Abel Tasman in 1643. European missionaries, whalers,
- traders, and deserters settled during the first half of the
- 19th century. Their corrupting influence caused increasingly
- serious wars to flare up among the native Fijian confederacies.
- In 1871, the Europeans in Fiji (about 2,000) established an
- administration under Ratu Seru Cakobau, who had become paramount
- chief of Eastern Viti Levu some years before. Chaos followed
- until a convention of chiefs ceded Fiji unconditionally to the
- United Kingdom on October 10, 1874.
- </p>
- <p> The pattern of colonialism in Fiji during the following
- century was similar to that in other British possessions: the
- pacification of the country side, the spread of plantation
- agriculture, and the introduction of Indian indentured labor.
- Many traditional institutions, including the system of communal
- land ownership, were maintained.
- </p>
- <p> Fijian soldiers fought for the United Kingdom during both
- World Wars. The United States maintained military forces and
- installations in Fiji during World War II, but, on the whole,
- the war did not seriously affect the country.
- </p>
- <p> In April 1970, a constitutional conference in London agreed
- that Fiji should become a fully sovereign and independent
- nation within the Commonwealth on October 10, 1970.
- </p>
- <p>Political Conditions
- </p>
- <p> Fiji's transition to independence was achieved peacefully by
- the citizens of this multiracial nation. Although there are
- unresolved racial tensions between indigenous Fijians and
- Indo-Fijians, the two major political parties and Fiji's
- political and social leaders have succeeded in mitigating those
- tensions and preventing disorder.
- </p>
- <p> One of the main issues of contention is land tenure. About
- 83% of the land in Fiji, much of it not arable, is owned by
- indigenous Fijians and cannot be alienated. It is administered
- on behalf of village groups (mataqalis) by the Native Land
- Trust Board, an agency of the government. Indo-Fijians, who are
- the major cultivators of sugar, are unable to purchase the land
- they till but must lease it. The leases are generally for 10
- years, although they are usually renewed for two 10-year
- extensions. Many Indo-Fijians argue that these terms do not
- provide them with adequate security and have pressed for 30-year
- leases.
- </p>
- <p> Fiji held its third general election in July 1982. Despite
- accusations that campaign rhetoric and tactics were more
- divisive than in previous elections, the vote took place without
- violence or major charges of fraud. The Alliance Party, headed
- by Ratu Sir Kamisese K.T. Mara, was returned to power but now
- enjoys only a 2-seat majority in the House of Representatives,
- rather than the 12-seat margin it had gained in the 1977
- elections.
- </p>
- <p> Among developing nations, Fiji's accomplishments over the 13
- years since independence are remarkable. The government has
- dedicated itself to economic and social progress, and the
- country has made real advances in the fields of education,
- agriculture, health, and nutrition. Individual liberties are
- safeguarded, and a solid democratic tradition of government has
- been established. In the area of human rights, Fiji has been
- singled out by Amnesty International for its complete lack of
- abuses against the person.
- </p>
- <p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,
- November 1985.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-